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1-10 Radiology mcqs with explanation
An injured 45-year-old man sustained a hyperextension injury to his wrist and subsequently dislocated his carpal bone. What is the TRUE statement about carpal dislocations?
A. Lunate dislocations are the most common carpal dislocations.
B. Greater arc injuries are perilunate dislocations with fractures.
C. Perilunate dislocation involves the anterior dislocation of the capitate head relative to the lunate.
D. Lesser arc injuries are lunate dislocations with associated fractures.
E. Lunates and capitates usually move away from each other
View Answer
View Explanation
2. You are reviewing your CT department’s imaging parameters to minimize radiation dose to patients. How can the radiation dose be reduced?
A. Decreased anatomic coverage, fewer contrast series, iterative reconstruction, and lower peak voltage (kVp) in small patients
B. Increasing kVp in small patients, decreasing anatomic coverage, and reducing contrast series
C. Modulation of tube current, lowering kVp in small patients, increasing rotation time, and decreasing pitch
D. Improved reconstruction techniques, increased kVp in small patients, decreased rotation time of the x-ray tube
E. For tubes below 120 kV, the tube current-time product (mAs) must be increased.
View Answer
Answer: B
View Explanation
X-rays with higher kVp will penetrate deeper. As a result, there will be less contrast between the different parts of the subject. (Answer A is incorrect). An x-ray beam with a higher kVp has a greater chance of penetrating thicker or denser material. (Answer B is correct). Film contrast scales increase with kVp. The kVp increases the chances of producing scatter or scatter radiation, decreasing Contrast. (Answer C and D are incorrect). Increasing the potential difference (voltage) causes the current to flow more forcefully, which accelerates electrons faster across the tube. (Answer E is incorrect).
3. What is the abnormality on the abdominal radiograph? Select one of these diagnoses.
A) Pneumoperitoneum
B) Toxic megacolon
C) Paralytic ileus
D) Small bowel dilatation
E) Large bowel dilatation
View Answer
Answer: E
View Explanation
An abdominal cavity (peritoneum) with air or gas is pneumoperitoneum. (Answer A is incorrect). There is a small but significant risk of developing a toxic megacolon. A severe colon infection or disease may result in this condition. (Answer B is incorrect). A paralytic ileus occurs when there is a lack of motor activity in the bowel, usually in the absence of a physical obstruction. (Answer C is incorrect). Ileus or obstruction is indicated by a dilated small bowel measuring more than 3 cm. (Answer D is incorrect). The term pseudo-obstruction, which refers to the dilatation of the colon without a mechanical obstruction, can be caused by adynamic ileus, ACPO (also known as Ogilvie syndrome), or toxic megacolon. (Answer E is correct).
4. The patient is 65 years old and is experiencing abdominal pain and vomiting. A 20-year-old appendectomy was performed on her. It is observed that the small bowel is dilated. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause?
A) Inguinal hernia
B) Adhesions
C) Volvulus
D) Haemorrhoids
E) Colonic carcinoma
View Answer
Answer: B
View Explanation
The inguinal hernia occurs when a weak spot in the abdominal muscles allows tissue, such as part of the intestine, to protrude through. (Answer A is incorrect). An adhesion is a band of scar tissue that forms between two surfaces within the body and binds them together. (Answer B is correct). During volvulus, a loop of the intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supplies it, resulting in obstruction of the bowels.(Answer C is incorrect).Hemorrhoids may develop because of increased pressure in the lower rectum as a result of the following: Straining during bowel movements. (Answer D is incorrect). Colorectal carcinoma is a cancerous tumor that affects the large intestine; it may also affect the colon and rectum. (Answer E is incorrect)
5. There is bile-stained vomiting in a neonate who is 4 days old. On an abdominal radiograph, gastric dilatation can be seen. In your opinion, what is the most likely cause of these abnormalities?
A) Inguinal hernia
B) Adhesions
C) Volvulus
D) Haemorrhoids
E) Colonic carcinoma
View Answer
Answer: C
View Explanation
Hernias may occur at any age, but they are most common in newborns, although they may not become apparent until several weeks or months after birth. (Answer A is incorrect). In contrast to adults, children heal wounds rapidly, which may explain their low incidence of adhesions. (Answer B is incorrect). As a result of intestinal malrotation, a volvulus can develop after birth. As a result of intestinal twists, food is unable to be digested normally as a result of an intestinal blockage. (Answer C is correct). Hemorrhoids in babies are most caused by constipation. When a baby strains to have a bowel movement, they may put too much pressure on the veins near their rectums. (Answer D is incorrect). It has been reported that toddlers under the age of three have developed colon carcinoma. There has even been a case of a five-month-old baby being diagnosed with the disease. (Answer E is incorrect).
6. There is a high suspicion of pulmonary embolism in a 35-year-old female. This patient should undergo a CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) which has shown below. What is the most relevant risk out of the following?
A) Allergic reaction to media contrast
B) Pneumothorax
C) Renal failure
D) Increased risk of breast cancer
E) Radiation damage to bone marrow
View Answer
Answer: B
View Explanation
A small percentage of people experience a reaction to contrast more than one day after receiving it. Most people who experience these delayed reactions develop rashes, itchy skin, headaches, or nausea because of these reactions. (Answer A is incorrect). There is a collapsed lung, which is known as a pneumothorax. When air leaks into the space between your lungs and your chest wall, it is called a pneumothorax. (Answer B is correct). The loss of kidney function can result in dangerous levels of waste accumulating in the body, as well as a derangement in the chemical composition of the blood. (Answer C is incorrect). Women who do not participate in physical activity are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer. (Answer D is incorrect). Radiation therapy can damage bone marrow cells. Depending on the treatment area and the radiation dose, the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in your body may decrease. (Answer E is incorrect).
7. A patient suspected of having metastatic cancer is expected to undergo an MRI of the brain. Is MRI a contraindication based on the following clinical information?
A) Total hip replacement
B) History of previous allergic reactions to iodinated contrast agents
C) Sterilization clips
D) Previous spinal surgery
E) History of a pacemaker
View Answer
Answer: E
View Explanation
Some types of cancer cannot be treated with surgery. These include cancers of the blood system (leukemia), as well as cancers of the lymphatic system (lymphoma). This is due to the fact that these cancers often spread throughout the body. (Answer A is incorrect). There are approximately 2% of patients experience hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media. Reexposure to a substance that has caused such a reaction increases the risk of relapse. (Answer B is incorrect). It is most common to reverse clips and rings (such as the Hulka clip, the Filshie clip, and the Falope ring). It is most unlikely that electrocautery can be reversed successfully. (Answer C is incorrect). Although major medical achievements have been made in managing metastatic cancers, surgery remains an important step for patients with vertebral metastases, particularly those with high-grade epidural spinal cord compression and those who require spinal stabilization according to SINS. (Answer D is incorrect). It is common for specialized heart experts to use a commercially available therapy called cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), which can be achieved through the surgical implantation of a defibrillator or pacemaker. (Answer E is correct).
Some types of cancer cannot be treated with surgery. These include cancers of the blood system (leukemia), as well as cancers of the lymphatic system (lymphoma). This is due to the fact that these cancers often spread throughout the body. (Answer A is incorrect). There are approximately 2% of patients experience hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media. Reexposure to a substance that has caused such a reaction increases the risk of relapse. (Answer B is incorrect). It is most common to reverse clips and rings (such as the Hulka clip, the Filshie clip, and the Falope ring). It is most unlikely that electrocautery can be reversed successfully. (Answer C is incorrect). Although major medical achievements have been made in managing metastatic cancers, surgery remains an important step for patients with vertebral metastases, particularly those with high-grade epidural spinal cord compression and those who require spinal stabilization according to SINS. (Answer D is incorrect). It is common for specialized heart experts to use a commercially available therapy called cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), which can be achieved through the surgical implantation of a defibrillator or pacemaker. (Answer E is correct).
A) Inform her that she only needs to give her verbal consent
B) Request that she sign the form, but leave the complications blank
C) Obtain consent for the procedure from the radiologist performing it
D) Refer her to the department of radiology without further explanation
E) Describe the complications, such as pain and bleeding, that may occur
View Answer
Answer: C
View Explanation
It occurs when a patient verbally consents to a procedure without signing any written consent form. (Answer A is incorrect). Shortness of breath is a common complication of lung cancer. Shortness of breath may occur in people with lung cancer if cancer has grown to the point where it blocks the major airways. (Answer B is incorrect). Before a patient is transported or undergoing a surgical, dental, diagnostic, or invasive procedure, the most responsible physician and/or the physician designee are responsible for obtaining Informed Consent. (Answer C is correct). Alternatively, the radiology department may be referred to as the X-ray department or the imaging department. A radiological examination of patients is performed in this facility in the hospital (Answer D is incorrect). Bleeding in the airways can sometimes occur as a result of lung cancer. You may have trouble breathing as a result of this condition, as well as coughing up blood. Depending on how much blood is coughed up, you will have a variety of treatment options. (Answer E is incorrect)
The presence of osteosclerotic bone secondaries is seen in
A Carcinoma thyroid
B Carcinoma prostate
C Carcinoma stomach
D Carcinoma lung
E. Ovarian carcinoma
View Answer
Answer: B
View Explanation
As one of the most common forms of well-differentiated thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is also one of the most common thyroid cancers that are caused by exposure to radiation. (Answer A is incorrect). Adenocarcinomas are the most common type of prostate cancer. This type of cancer develops from the gland cells (the cells that produce the prostate fluid that is added to the semen). (Answer B is correct). The lining of the stomach can develop malignant (cancer) cells as a result of stomach cancer. (Answer C is incorrect). The most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide is lung cancer. It is estimated that 85% of cases are caused by smoking cigarettes. A cough, chest discomfort or pain, weight loss, and, less frequently, hemoptysis may be symptoms of this disease. (Answer D is incorrect). Cancer of the ovaries is the most common form of ovarian cancer. As well as producing eggs (ova), the ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, two hormones that affect the female reproductive system. (Answer E is incorrect).
The sentinel loop” can be seen on X-rays
- Acute pancreatitis
B. Chronic pancreatitis
C. Intestinal obstruction
D. Acute appendicitis
E Chronic appendicitis
View Answer
Answer: A
View Explanation
A radiograph is insensitive to evidence of acute pancreatitis: many patients have normal radiographs. In addition, none of the symptoms are specific enough to establish the diagnosis of pancreatitis. (Answer A is correct). In order to determine whether your pancreas is diseased, your doctor will be able to examine the images. Ultrasounds are created using sound wave technology. (Answer B is incorrect). It is important to obtain an X-ray of the abdomen for the purpose of diagnosing small bowel obstructions. As a result of an obstruction in the intestine, both fluid and gas are accumulated. (Answer C is incorrect). An abdominal ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be conducted in order to confirm the presence of an appendix or to determine if there are other causes of your pain. (Answer D is incorrect). There is a small percentage of people who suffer from chronic appendicitis. Due to the fact that the symptoms may appear and disappear, it can be difficult to diagnose (Answer E is incorrect).
